If the application is successful, an interview will be arranged in front of a selection committee set up within each institution for each recruitment. The candidates will be ranked concours. German translation is not available yet. Status: Permanent civil servant. One-year probation stage before tenure. Salary range : see sources Evaluation : A career follow-up is carried out by the researcher and transmitted to the national university council five years after the first appointment in a teacher-researcher's category corps or after a change of category, then every five years.
Overview The following table summarizes the various academic titles used in France, determined by the paths faculty, research, teaching and the ranks, together with some equivalent titles in schools with special status. The common abbreviation for the title is presented in parenthesis after the title. Faculty position Faculty members are called enseignants-chercheurs literally, teachers-researchers.
In general, their statute is governed by the Decree of June 6, with some exceptions: for example, faculty members in public hospitals have a statute governed by another decree. They are civil servants, but they benefit from a special statute which guarantees academic freedom.
As an exception to civil service rules, appointments to these positions are made regardless of citizenship. To achieve this, they must first be approved by the National Council of Universities, made up of elected and appointed MCFs and university professors. For candidates who have first been approved in this way, the recruitment to positions is carried out in each individual university, mostly by a selection committee of other MCFs and professors, half from the university where the position is available, half from other universities, rather than by administrators.
However, the final decision is made by the Academic Council of the university. The salary scale is national, so pay does not vary from one university to another. A recent reform allows for the possibility of salary modulation in the universities, but for now this remains to be implemented. In this new system, at every five years employees go through a compulsory attestation review, whose guidelines and parameters are defined in the Estonian Universities Act [ EE2 ].
Internal promotion from Assistent to Lektor positions is possible after PhD defence, based on a positive performance review and the institute needs and funding.
Promotions to Dotsent and Professor positions are not possible, each new position needs to be filled usually through a new open hiring process. Promotion to a higher level, in the same category, is not granted automatically for seniority, but involves a performance review process. Juniorprofessor positions, introduced by law in , are time-limited three years , can be renewed once for a further 3 years, and provide the opportunity to apply for a permanent position without passing the Habilitation process which junior professors sometimes still do.
Academics in these positions, although non-permanent, have their own research group and work autonomously [ GE10 ]. The requirements for appointments as a Juniorprofessor W1 are a doctoral degree or equivalent, excellent research profile, a maximum of six years since starting doctoral research. In general, there is no tenure process although some universities offer Juniorprofessor positions including a tenure-track plan [ GE10 , GE11 ] , therefore at the end of his or her term a Juniorprofessor must apply for a new open position and go through the usual German recruitment process to reach a tenured professorship.
W2 and W3 Professorships are permanent tenured positions. Professors on all ranks working in public institutions are civil servants, their salaries and career path and promotions are ruled by the national government [Panagiota Fatourou, personal communication]. Assistant Professor positions are non-tenured and have an initial contract of four years which can be extended for another four years. After six years in an Assistant Professor position, application for promotion is possible. If not successful a new request for promotion can be issued after a period of three years.
Associate and Professor are permanent tenured positions. After four years in the position, Associate Professors have the right to initiate the procedure for their promotion i. The main criteria evaluated for promotion are research performance number and quality of publications , teaching performance and key role in administrative duties.
The strictness in the application of the criteria differs from department to department, from university to university and from discipline to discipline [ GR2 ]. The serious economic crisis Greece if facing in recent years is also deeply affecting the universities and the promotion system. Since there has been no new call for faculty members in the country in any level, a situation which is endangering the national higher education system and worsening the brain drain effect, record number of Greek academics are searching for jobs in other European countries, North America and Asia [ GR3 ].
Up to , an Assistant Professor Ricercatore after three years could be confirmed to a tenured position Ricercatore Confermato , without being promoted to a higher-level professorship. This situation changed in [ IT4 ] when Assistant Professor positions started to have a limited duration tempo determinato. They are of two kinds: Tipo A and Tipo B. Ricercatore a Tempo Determinato Tipo A is initially appointed for three years, the contract can be extended at most once for maximum of two years.
Ricercatore a Tempo Determinato Tipo B are tenure track positions, the contract lasts at most three years, without further extensions, and can be assigned to candidates who previously had type A contracts or similar experience nationally or abroad. After three years, type B personnel who received a national habilitation, and had positive evaluation at the end of the three years, are promoted to a tenured Associate Professor Professore di 2a Fascia position [ IT4 ; Carlo Ghezzi, personal communication].
Professore Associati and Professore Ordinari are since tenured positions from the initial appointment, until both types of positions were non-tenured in the first three years [ IT4 ; Carlo Ghezzi, personal communication].
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Thank you for your response. I was under the impression it was a very outdated usage. Same thing actually when talking about them. Yes, they do. Actually the TV series is itself quite outdated last episode dates back to And I sincerely suspect you might be out of a touch with the current reality in schools: most teachers in secondary levels hold a bachelor or a master, not a PhD. Thank you for your response, Mr. I'm from Iran, and didn't know if secondary school teachers in Belgium have "doctorat" degrees.
Here in Iran, Most secondary school teachers have master's degrees, while people with "doctorat" degrees usually teach in universities. Thanks again, Mr.
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