People with blood type A have antigen A, those with blood type B have antigen B, those with blood type AB have both antigens, and people with blood type O have neither antigen.
Antibodies called agglutinougens are found in the blood plasma and react with the A or B antigens, if the two are mixed. When type A and type B blood are combined, agglutination clumping of the blood occurs because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen; this causes clots that coagulate in the kidney causing kidney failure.
Type O blood has neither A or B antigens, and therefore, type O blood can be given to all blood types. Type O negative blood is the universal donor. Type AB positive blood is the universal acceptor because it has both A and B antigen. The Rh blood group was first discovered in Rhesus monkeys. The first exposure does not usually cause a reaction; however, at the second exposure, enough antibodies have built up in the blood to produce a reaction that causes agglutination and breakdown of red blood cells.
An injection can prevent this reaction. Play a blood typing game on the Nobel Prize website to solidify your understanding of blood types. Specific components of the blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and the plasma, which contains coagulation factors and serum.
Red blood cells are specialized cells that contain hemoglobin and circulate through the body delivering oxygen to cells. White blood cells are involved in the immune response to identify and target invading bacteria, viruses, and other foreign organisms; they also recycle waste components, such as old red blood cells.
Platelets and blood clotting factors cause the change of the soluble protein fibrinogen to the insoluble protein fibrin at a wound site forming a plug.
Plasma consists of 90 percent water along with various substances, such as coagulation factors and antibodies. The serum is the plasma component of the blood without the coagulation factors. Skip to content Chapter The Circulatory System. Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: List the basic components of the blood Compare red and white blood cells Describe blood plasma and serum. The Role of Blood in the Body. Red Blood Cells.
White Blood Cells. Platelets and Coagulation Factors. Plasma and Serum. Human red blood cells may have either type A or B glycoproteins on their surface, both glycoproteins combined AB , or neither O. The glycoproteins serve as antigens and can elicit an immune response in a person who receives a transfusion containing unfamiliar antigens.
Type O blood, which has no A or B antigens, does not elicit an immune response when injected into a person of any blood type. Thus, O is considered the universal donor. Persons with type AB blood can accept blood from any blood type, and type AB is considered the universal acceptor. Exercises White blood cells can be classified as granulocytes or agranulocytes defend the body against bacteria and viruses are also called leucocytes All of the above Platelet plug formation occurs at which point?
List some of the functions of blood in the body. How does the lymphatic system work with blood flow? Answers D C B C Red blood cells are coated with proteins called antigens made of glycolipids and glycoproteins.
When type A and type B blood are mixed, the blood agglutinates because of antibodies in the plasma that bind with the opposing antigen. Type O blood has no antigens. Blood also transports clotting factors and disease-fighting agents.
Lymph capillaries take fluid from the blood to the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes filter the lymph by percolation through connective tissue filled with white blood cells. The white blood cells remove infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses, to clean the lymph before it returns to the bloodstream. Previous: Overview of the Circulatory System. These include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Immature blood cells are also called blasts. Some blasts stay in the marrow to mature. Others travel to other parts of the body to develop into mature, functioning blood cells. The main job of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs.
Hemoglobin Hgb is an important protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our body. The main job of white blood cells, or leukocytes, is to fight infection. There are several types of white blood cells and each has its own role in fighting bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Types of white blood cells that are most important for helping protect the body from infection and foreign cells include the following:.
Help heal wounds not only by fighting infection but also by ingesting matter, such as dead cells, tissue debris, and old red blood cells. The main job of platelets, or thrombocytes, is blood clotting. The production and development of new cells in the bone marrow is a process called hematopoiesis. Blood cells formed in the bone marrow start out as stem cells. A stem cell or hematopoietic stem cell is the first phase of all blood cells. As the stem cell matures, several distinct cells evolve.
These include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Immature blood cells are also called blasts. Some blasts stay in the marrow to mature. Others travel to other parts of the body to develop into mature, functioning blood cells. The main job of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs.
Hemoglobin Hgb is an important protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our body. The main job of white blood cells, or leukocytes, is to fight infection. There are several types of white blood cells and each has its own role in fighting bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Types of white blood cells that are most important for helping protect the body from infection and foreign cells include the following:.
Help heal wounds not only by fighting infection but also by ingesting matter, such as dead cells, tissue debris, and old red blood cells. The main job of platelets, or thrombocytes, is blood clotting. Platelets are much smaller in size than the other blood cells.
They group together to form clumps, or a plug, in the hole of a vessel to stop bleeding. A CBC count is a measurement of size, number, and maturity of the different blood cells in the blood sample. A CBC can be used to find problems with either the production or destruction of blood cells.
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