At elementary school there were fewer. With some I was on very friendly terms. And what struck me about some of them was their Polish patriotism. He became close to a girl called Ginka Beer, described as "a Jewish beauty, with stupendous eyes and jet black hair, slender, a superb actress. While studying such topics as philology and various languages, he worked as a volunteer librarian and was required to participate in compulsory military training in the Academic Legion, but he refused to fire a weapon.
He performed with various theatrical groups and worked as a playwright. In , Nazi German occupation forces closed the university after invading Poland. In he was struck by a tram, suffering a fractured skull. The same year he was hit by a lorry in a quarry, which left him with one shoulder higher than the other and a permanent stoop. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange beginning on 26 November John of the Cross in philosophy on 19 June Duncker, author of the Compendium grammaticae linguae hebraicae biblicae.
He repeated this gesture, which he adapted from the French saint Jean Marie Baptiste Vianney, throughout his papacy. While teaching, he gathered a group of about 20 young people, who began to call themselves Rodzinka , the "little family". They met for prayer, philosophical discussion, and to help the blind and sick.
The group eventually grew to approximately participants, and their activities expanded to include annual skiing and kayaking trips. Scheler was a German philosopher who founded a broad philosophical movement that emphasised the study of conscious experience. However, the Communist authorities abolished the Faculty of Theology at the Jagellonian University, thereby preventing him from receiving the degree until He focused on creating original literary work during his first dozen years as a priest.
War, life under Communism, and his pastoral responsibilities all fed his poetry and plays. In Stalinist-era Poland, it was not permitted for priests to travel with groups of students. The nickname gained popularity among his followers.
Baziak was the principal consecrator. According to the historian John W. According to John F. Crosby, as pope, John Paul II used the words of Gaudium et spes later to introduce his own views on the nature of the human person in relation to God: man is "the only creature on earth that God has wanted for its own sake", but man "can fully discover his true self only in a sincere giving of himself".
He also participated in the assemblies of the Synod of Bishops. In , he was instrumental in formulating the encyclical Humanae vitae , which dealt with the same issues that forbid abortion and artificial birth control. Tymieniecka produced the English-language version. They corresponded over the years, and grew to be good friends. These same Cardinals would be the ones who would give him most support at his eventual election to the papacy.
John Paul I died after only 33 days as pope, triggering another conclave. The second conclave of started on 14 October, ten days after the funeral. Supporters of Benelli were confident that he would be elected, and in early ballots, Benelli came within nine votes of success. However, both men faced sufficient opposition for neither to be likely to prevail. Giovanni Colombo, the Archbishop of Milan was considered as a compromise candidate among the Italian cardinal-electors, but when he started to receive votes, he announced that, if elected, he would decline to accept the papacy.
He accepted his election with the words: "With obedience in faith to Christ, my Lord, and with trust in the Mother of Christ and the Church, in spite of great difficulties, I accept. Peter's Square that a pope had been chosen. There had been rumors that the new pope wished to be known as Pope Stanislaus I in honor of the Polish saint of the name, but was convinced by the cardinals that it was not a Roman name. When the new pontiff appeared on the balcony, he broke tradition by addressing the gathered crowd: [84].
At only 58 years of age, he was the youngest pope since Pope Pius IX in , who was Like his predecessor, John Paul II dispensed with the traditional Papal coronation and instead received ecclesiastical investiture with a simplified Papal inauguration on 22 October As pope, John Paul II wrote 14 papal encyclicals and taught about sexuality in what is referred as the "Theology of the Body".
Some key elements of his strategy to "reposition the Catholic Church" were encyclicals such as Ecclesia de Eucharistia , Reconciliatio et paenitentia and Redemptoris Mater. In his At the beginning of the new millennium Novo Millennio Ineunte , he emphasised the importance of "starting afresh from Christ": "No, we shall not be saved by a formula but by a Person.
He warned that man "giving himself over to relativism and scepticism, goes off in search of an illusory freedom apart from truth itself". In Fides et Ratio On the Relationship between Faith and Reason John Paul promoted a renewed interest in philosophy and an autonomous pursuit of truth in theological matters.
Drawing on many different sources such as Thomism , he described the mutually supporting relationship between faith and reason, and emphasised that theologians should focus on that relationship. John Paul II wrote extensively about workers and the social doctrine of the Church, which he discussed in three encyclicals: Laborem exercens , Sollicitudo rei socialis , and Centesimus annus.
Through his encyclicals and many Apostolic Letters and Exhortations, John Paul II talked about the dignity of women and the importance of the family for the future of humanity. Though critics accused him of inflexibility in explicitly re-asserting Catholic moral teachings against abortion and euthanasia that have been in place for well over a thousand years, he urged a more nuanced view of capital punishment.
In his second encyclical Dives in misericordia he stressed that divine mercy is the greatest feature of God, needed especially in modern times. John Paul II was considered a conservative on doctrine and issues relating to human sexual reproduction and the ordination of women. While he was visiting the United States in , the year before becoming pope, Wojtyla said: "All human life, from the moments of conception and through all subsequent stages, is sacred. A series of lectures given by John Paul II during his Wednesday audiences in Rome between September and November were later compiled and published as a single work titled Theology of the Body , an extended meditation on human sexuality.
He extended it to the condemnation of abortion, euthanasia and virtually all capital punishment, calling them all a part of a struggle between a "culture of life" and a "culture of death". He campaigned for world debt forgiveness and social justice. He coined the term "social mortgage", which related that all private property had a social dimension, namely, that "the goods of this are originally meant for all.
Pope John Paul II, who was present and very influential at the —65 Second Vatican Council, affirmed the teachings of that Council and did much to implement them. Nevertheless, his critics often wished that he would embrace the so-called "progressive" agenda that some hoped would evolve as a result of the Council. In fact, the Council did not advocate "progressive" changes in these areas; for example, they still condemned abortion as an unspeakable crime.
Following the Church's exaltation of the marital act of sexual intercourse between a baptised man and woman within sacramental marriage as proper and exclusive to the sacrament of marriage, John Paul II believed that it was, in every instance, profaned by contraception, abortion, divorce followed by a 'second' marriage, and by homosexual acts.
After all, he had endured years in the midst of the evil and darkness that had enveloped his beloved Poland, never giving-in or giving-up, resisting as he could until the day freedom was won. We need to do the same in the pro-life movement.
There are those who reject the light of life, preferring 'the fruitless works of darkness' Eph. Their harvest is injustice, discrimination, exploitation, deceit, violence. In every age, a measure of their apparent success is the death of the innocents. In our own century, as at no other time in history, the 'culture of death' has assumed a social and institutional form of legality to justify the most horrible crimes against humanity: genocide, 'final solutions,' 'ethnic cleansings' and the massive 'taking of lives of human beings even before they are born or before they reach the natural point of death' cf.
Dominum et Vivificatem Blessed John Paul's message to the youth to feel the "urgency of the task" in opposing the culture of death speaks to us all,. And the mission of proclaiming it to the ends of the earth is now passing to your generation. Like the great apostle Paul, you too must feel the full urgency of the task: "Woe to me if I do not evangelize" 1 Cor.
Woe to you if you do not succeed in defending life. The world knows all too well the woes of not feeling the full "urgency of the task" to overturn laws that allow the death of unborn children by abortion and not succeeding in defending life as many nations with laws allowing abortion on demand struggle with demographic implosion and below replacement fertility rates brought on by the large numbers of innocents killed in the womb.
In the United States, the terrible 'woes' of abortion on demand have resulted in over 56 million children have lost their lives since abortion was imposed by the Supreme Court and countless women who have experienced the harmful physical, psychological, and spiritual consequences of abortion.
Blessed John Paul II also clearly understood the relentless and unified efforts of international pro-abortion organizations and agencies at the United Nations that continue today to seek legitimacy, legality, and justification for the killing of preborn children. His encyclical letter Evangelium Vitae The Gospel of Life continues to instruct, inspire, motivate, and encourage today. John Paul II. The universal law of morals everyone has unites the disoriented people of the world and permits people to set aside their different beliefs and communicate with each other without conflict.
John Paul II illustrated integrity by caring about everyone regardless of their faith, and he believes that if everyone has the same morals then the world can be united. By setting aside differences in morals, John Paul II improved society by demonstrating the integrity a hero should have, improving the outcomes of many world problems. Despite the different faiths of other religions, John Paul II uses his influence on morals by actively improving Catholic relations between other religions:.
Peters Cathedral, Vatican City He worked to improve relations with these two faiths through frequent meetings that often garnered little public attention. Crucial to John Paul II's approach to other religions was his unprecedented campaign to involve Catholics in general apologies for the sins of Catholics against others throughout history, including those committed during the Crusades and against indigenous peoples, women, suspected heretics, non-Catholic Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
John Paul II held frequent meetings not for attracting attention to Catholicism, but rather to improve relations between Judaism, Islam, and other closely-related religions. Involving the Catholics in these apologies displayed how he believed in the Church taking responsibility for discriminatory actions against non-Catholics.
John Paul II apologized for the acts of Catholicism he never was involved in, all the way to back to the medieval times, demonstrating how he respects others religions. Respecting people of all kinds and disregarding their ethics he may not particularly agree with is morally correct in this day and age, which is what people need in a time of frequent discrimination in differences. John Paul II embodies heroism by uniting people of other faiths and different beliefs with integrity.
Continuing the United Nations conference, he continues his speech and states that others of higher class should not take advantage of people more unfortunate:. When millions of people are suffering from a poverty which means hunger, malnutrition, sickness, illiteracy, and degradation, we must not only remind ourselves that no one has a right to exploit another for his own advantage, but also and above all we must recommit ourselves to that solidarity which enables others to live out, in the actual circumstances of their economic and political lives, the creativity which is a distinguishing mark of the human person and the true source of the wealth of nations in today's world.
Yet, he encourages others to persevere through their suffering of poverty and become more creative, which John Paul II has shown through his countless efforts to try and improve the lives of the unfortunate. Despite these efforts to solve poverty of the world, people started to walk away from the church as he took a stance on controversial conservative issues:.
But the pope is facing a difficult time; while many Catholics around the world may applaud his courageous stand on difficult issues, they still walk away from the Church. Greene A hero will persevere through any challenge in their way to do what is right, and John Paul II does exactly that when facing the controversial issues of the church. Peter Square, Vatican September 29, By apologizing for the decisions of Catholics and staying true to his beliefs, his strong and right morals exemplifies integrity.
0コメント